Understanding the Common Causes and Treatment of Vitamin B12 Deficiency!
An elderly patient presented to the clinic complaining of fatigue and weakness. She also reported decreased activity and increased falls. During her work-up, a laboratory test revealed a significant deficiency in vitamin B12, a frequently misdiagnosed issue among older adults. Due to the symptoms and level of deficiency, treatment with B12 injections was prescribed. Three months later, she returned for follow-up and had a substantial improvement in symptoms, which allowed her to regain strength and resume normal activities. A significant clinical finding that improved her overall well-being.
Let’s understand the role of vitamin B12 in our bodies:
Vitamin B12 is crucial for various bodily functions, including the production of red blood cells, DNA synthesis, and neurological health.
Several factors can contribute to vitamin B12 deficiency:
Malabsorption issues:
Conditions like Crohn’s disease and celiac disease can hinder B12 absorption.
Post-bariatric surgery can alter the stomach and impact B12 uptake.
Medication:
Drugs like metformin for diabetes or medications for acid reflux can decrease stomach acidity, affecting B12 absorption.
Age:
Some older adults cannot absorb B12 due to decreased stomach acid production.
Dietary insufficiency:
B12 is predominantly found in animal products; vegetarians or vegans are at a higher risk of deficiency.
Symptoms of B12 can manifest in various ways, including:
Weakness and fatigue.
Neurological issues such as numbness or tingling of the hands and feet, balance issues, and memory difficulties.
Swollen or tender tongue.
Effective treatment of B12 deficiency utilizes a combination of dietary adjustments and supplements when necessary:
Dietary Awareness is essential. Consulting a nutritionist can help identify B12-fortified foods for those with restrictive diets.
Supplementation is necessary depending on the severity of the deficiency. Oral supplements or injections may be required.
Most cases of B12 deficiency are manageable with proper treatment, addressing both dietary intake and medical needs. Consult your healthcare provider if you believe you are B12 deficient and get an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.
Understanding the symptoms and causes of B12 deficiency and taking proactive steps toward prevention and treatment can significantly improve your overall health and well-being.
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